Earth and Physical Sciences - 3

Carlsbad Caverns : A 6 page paper that presents an overview
of the geological and geographical structure of Carlsbad
Caverns, New Mexico. This paper recognizes the fragile states
of this natural wonder, and presents and overview of the impact
of the human element on the natural mineral structures created
within the caves. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Carlsbad.wps

Diamonds / Their Structure and Geologic Formation : A 5
page overview of the gemstone known as a diamond. Includes
information on diamond structure and geologic formation,
including its presence in kimberlite formations. Bibliography
lists 4 sources. Diamond.wps

The Garnet / A Geological Overview : A 5 page review of
the gem stone garnet. Includes information on its geology,
associated species of minerals, and its processing. Bibliography
lists 4 sources. Garnet.wps

Gemstone Enhancement : A 5 page overview of the
technologies and methodologies involved in the artificial
enhancement of gemstones. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Gemstone.wps

Population Dynamics Of Northern Ecosystems In Relation
To Nutrient Application / A Research Proposal : A 7 page
examination factors which influence the ecological structure of
northern ecosystems, one of which is nutrients such as those
observed with the application of treated domestic wastewater.
Outlines a proposal for evaluating the effects of nutrients on
ecosystem dynamics. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Popdyn.wps

Physical Geography and Socio-Environmental Responsibility :
A 14 page research on this science of global
environmental change. The writer defines physical geography,
presents an historical overview of it, and attempts to explain
reasons for physical geography's neglect of certain relevant
social issues concerning the environment. It is noted that this
example represents a basic misunderstanding of the relationship
between science and the philosophy of science. Contemporary
perspectives and a look at the future direction of physical
geography are provided as well. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Physgeog.wps

The Hoover Dam : This 10 page paper provides an overview
of the Hoover Dam, including its history, construction and
present state. Also included is information on water power in
general as well as environmental issues. Bibliography lists 9
sources. Hdam.rtf

Environmental Concerns Regarding Heap Leaching : A 5
page paper discussing the environmental concerns related to
heap leach operations. What is the process of heap leaching and
why is it used? Current issues surrounding the process are
briefly examined. Bibliography lists five sources. Leach.wps

Organometallic Compounds : A 5 page overview of the
history of and uses for this broad range of highly reactive
compounds so often used as catalysts for many of the processes
involved in products ranging in function from containing milk to
operating supercomputers. The paper discusses carbonyl
cations and anions, hydroformylation and polyalkene
polymerization. The entire area of organometallic compounds
has been important for decades, but it has been only recently
that new discoveries and realization of new uses for old
processes has led to increasing benefits so numerous they
appear to be limited only by our ability to find them.
Bibliography lists 6 sources. OrganoM.wps

Versatile Limestone : A 5 page paper discussing the origins
and chemical composition of this sedimentary rock used in so
many diverse applications even today. For the soil as well as
the sulfur-emitting furnace, limestone is applied as small
particles no larger than good-sized dust particles, often the
result of quarrying activities. Calcium, the primary component
of limestone, is our “miracle mineral” adding stability to
buildings, enhancing soil fertility and strengthening our own
human infrastructure. And it still can be as beautiful as the
finely-veined marble with which Michelangelo sculpted.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. Limeston.wps

Centrifugal And Coriolis Forces : A 5 page overview of the
two forces and their interaction. Centrifugal force is that
fictitious force that imparts a general feeling of weightlessness
for astronauts and is also the force by which washing machines
extract excess water from wet clothes. The Coriolis effect
holds that an object which moves in a straight line above the
surface of the Earth (and not parallel to the equator) will appear
to curve because the Earth is turning under it. Together, both
are important for space travel. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Coriolis.wps

Earth and Physical Sciences - 2

Earthquakes & The New Madrid Fault : An 8 page research
paper that examines the most dangerous geological feature of
the North American heartland. While most Americans think of
California whenever the topic of earthquakes comes up, the
residents of New Madrid, Missouri suffered through the worst
series of quakes in the known history of North America during
an eight-week period in the winter of 1811 to 1812. The three
principal shocks have been determined to have had a magnitude
of 8.0 or higher. Additionally, ten of the aftershocks reached or
exceeded a magnitude of 6.0, and at least three may have
reached 7.0. Scientists now believe that eyewitness stories of
the Mississippi flowing backward, and waterfalls on the
Mississippi are true. The writer discusses what is now known
about what happened during this dramatic eight-week period.
Bibliography lists 8 sources. Madridf.wps

The Whittier Earthquake Of 1987 : In this 7 page essay, the
writer uses the Whittier Narrows Quake to show how
frighteningly unpredictable and random California's earthquakes
have become. The writer discusses the occurrence of that
particular quake, its socioeconomic devastation, and most
importantly-- describes what "lessons" we should have learned
from this random example of geologic terror. Comparisons are
also made between the Whittier quake and the Loma Prieta
quake of 1989. Bibliography lists 9 sources. Whittier.wps

Earthquakes in New Jersey : The possibility of earthquakes
occurring in the New Jersey area is addressed in this 5 page
paper. The history of quakes in the geographic location as well
as a discussion on current seismologic theory is included.
Bibliography lists 4 sources. Eqnj.wps

Earthquakes In New York : The possibility of a major
earthquake occurring in the New York area is addressed in this
7 page paper. The history of quakes in the area as well as a
discussion on fault lines existing in the state's region is
examined. A general discussion on the ineffectiveness of current
seismological equipment is also included. Bibliography lists 5
sources. Earthny.wps

The Possibility of A Major Earthquake in the New York
City Area : A 3 page paper on the geology of the northeastern
United States and the extremely serious -- although unlikely --
earthquake that could occur with respect to Cameron's Line
(Bronx area), the prevalence red brownstone and red sandstone
in the Palisades, and NYC's location a long a major tectonic
plate. Specific locations for the possible earthquake and its
resulting damage are described in considerable detail.
Bibliography lists 3 sources. Quakesnj.wps

Advances In The Science & Technology Of Earthquake
Prediction & Protection : A 5 page paper discussing scientific
advancements in the prediction of earthquakes and the means
by which technology can assist in minimizing earthquake damage.
Bibliography lists five sources. Quakepro.wps

Environmental Sciences : A 9 page paper that discusses
various aspects of environment sciences. Some of the history is
discussed in relationship to research conducted long ago and
academic history that has assisted in bringing the sciences closer
together. A section discussing some of the more recent concerns
is also included. Bibliography lists 7 sources. RAecology.wps

Law Review / Avalanches & Liability : A 7 page research
paper on avalanche predictions, postings, and cleanup in light of
federal, state, and torte law. Also considered are contract,
negligence and manslaughter. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Avalanc.wps

The Volcanoes Of Papua, New Guinea : This 11 page
research paper examines the historical phenomena of volcano
eruptions in Papua. The writer is particularly concerned with
caldera eruptions, predictors, etc; Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Papuav.wps

Human Habitation and Geological Disasters : A 10 page
research paper on flood, earthquake, and volcano destruction of
human civilizations. The writer details the causes of such
disasters and famous instances including Vesuvius, Krakatoa,
New Madrid, San Francisco, and the great Mississippi floods of
1993. Bibliography lists 10 sources. Volcano.wps

Origin and Physical Characteristics of the Basin & Range
Province in the United States : A 5 page paper that provides
a concise overview of the origin and major geological
characteristics of the Basin and Range Province of the United
States, and considers the implications of this information for
understanding the geological development in the region.
Bibliography lists 4 sources. Province.wps

Earth and Physical Sciences - 1

Mineralogy & The Peabody Museum Collection : A 5 page
overview of mineralogy, the branch of science dealing with
minerals in the Earth's crust and also those found outside the
Earth (such as in lunar samples and meteorites). The writer
focuses specifically upon a very important (and well-known)
collection stored in the Peabody Museum at Yale University.
That particular collection's history is discussed in light of
mineralogy itself. Bibliography is missing. Mineralg.wps

Earth’s Defense Against Meteors : This 6 page report
discusses the options available to the governments of Earth if a
meteor on a collision course was cited. Earth’s atmosphere is
literally besieged with as much as 50,000 tons of interplanetary
rubble annually. There is a scientific consensus agrees that
cosmic impacts have played a major role in Earth history and
that they continue to pose a significant threat today.
Bibliography lists 10 sources. BWmeteor.wps

High Pressure Silica Minerals: Coesite and Stishovite :
A 5 page paper discussing these rare forms of silica. Generally only
found in areas where quartz rocks have been subjected to
extremely high pressure such as in Arizona’s Meteor Crater,
stishovite was first discovered in sandstone that had been
converted to glass as a result of the impact of the meteor.
While both are silica, coesite’s structure is that of tetrahedrons;
stishovite is constructed of octahedrons with oxygen. Stishovite
is the densest known form of silica and also the hardest known
oxide; both begin to degrade in the absence of high pressure.
Bibliography lists 8 sources. Coestis.wps

Physical Features Of Mount St. Helens And Mount Etna :
This 6 page report discusses the physical features of Mount St.
Helens in southwestern Washington State and compares it
briefly with Mount Etna in Sicily. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Physfeat.wps

Earth Science & The Environmental Scientist : 13 pages on
the important relevance that earth science has to the
environmental sciences. Numerous case examples are provided.
Bibliography lists more than 20 comprehensive sources.
Envirsci.wps

Fossils / Burgess Shale : A 7 page research paper that examines
the fascinating fossil record that was found in the Burgess
Shale. Because the Burgess Shale fossils contain examples of
soft-bodied animals, which is very rare, these fossils have been
called a "window to the Cambrian period" of prehistory.
Bibliography lists 5 sources. 99shale.wps

Plate Tectonics : A 7 page paper discussing the theory of plate
tectonics. Citing the works of various key theorists, the write
describes how exploring plate tectonics helps us to better
understand the validity of Continental Drift. Bibliography lists
five sources. Platet.wps

Plate Tectonics: A 5 page discussion of plate tectonics and the
phenomenon’s influence on the formation of the various features
of the earth’s topography such as the Himalayan Mountains.
Emphasizes that the process is ongoing and that the mountains
continue to grow to this day. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
PPhimala.wps

The Study Of Geological History Prior To The 1900's :
7 pages in length. Theories and concepts in geological history
prior to the twentieth century are both significant and
far-reaching. So instrumental are they in gauging the earth's
ongoing changes that a specialized scientific field was
developed solely for its continued study. The writer discusses
the study of geological history as it existed prior to the twentieth
century. Bibliography lists 5 sources. GeoHist.wps

Earthquakes / A Comprehensive Discussion : A 9 page
paper on earthquakes in which the writer explains their different
classifications, the role of various seismic wave patterns &
types, etc; Also discussed are causes, reasons for geographical
distribution, and the effects of earthquakes at different
proximities beginning with the meizoseismal area (most
damaged region). A final section looks at some experimental
and theoretical grounds for predicting earthquakes.
Bibliography lists 3 sources. Quakes.wps